C Program For Stop And Wait Protocol
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I am implementing a client/server echo program using the Stop-and-Wait protocol. Cetrek pilot 730 manual. Part of the implementation is to randomly introduce drops from the server. I am actually randomly dropping ACKs as well as FRAMEs. A side effect of this is the introduction of a corner case:
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If the last ACK from the server is dropped, both client and server end up in a 'send' mode. This happens because the server doesn't know the last ACK was dropped, and from its perspective, everything worked and it now should echo back everything the client sent to it.
Simple C Program For Stop And Wait Protocol
It contains well written, well thought and well explained computer science and programming articles, quizzes and practice/competitive programming/company interview Questions. Irrespective of number of packets sender is having stop and wait protocol requires only 2 sequence numbers 0 and 1. So Stop and Wait ARQ may work fine where.
The client, on the other hand, doesn't know if the last FRAME was dropped or if just the ACK was dropped, so it tries to resend the last FRAME.
I could see this being solved by the use of a FIN or something -- basically an extra ACK going the opposite direction when both sides think transmission is complete. However, I want to conform to the expected approach for Stop-and-Wait.
How should Stop-and-Wait handle this case?
1 Answer
One way to handle this situation is to have a one-bit sequence number included in every frame. Every time you send a frame and receive an ACK, you flip the bit for the next frame. If you send a frame, don't receive an ACK, and have to retransmit the frame, you resend it with the same sequence bit.
At the receiver, if you receive two (or more) frames in a row with the same sequence bit, you know it's a retransmission, so you can resend the ACK but ignore the frame, since you've already acted on it.
Don't bother trying to acknowledge acknowledgements. You just run into the same problem where the network might drop the ACK for the ACK.